[4] (See External links below). (2005), but the species of Myrmecophila, often included in Schomburgkia, are related to Barkeria, Caularthron, Orleanesia and Epidendrum (van den Berg et al., 2009), not Laelia, and so they have been maintained as a distinct genus. (8), Dinema Lindl. From a biological point of view, such an association also helps to understand the biogeography of Epidendreae as a whole. There are exceptions to this general pattern, such as Devogelia (Schuiteman, 2004) and Danxiaorchis (Zhai et al., 2013), the former not obviously morphologically similar to any other genus of Epidendroideae and the latter a member of Calypsoinae, as documented by molecular studies. (2005) presents another option other than combining all of them into a single genus. & Kraenzl. (5), Panisea Lindl. Next-generation sequencing can be expected to help in these matters. (2), Aporostylis Rupp & Hatch (1), Caladenia R.Br. Carolus Linnaeus (Carl von Linné). (2014) showed that Bromheadia is strongly supported as related to Adrorhizon and Sirhookera, but, in Górniak et al. This classification, published in 1981 in the book The Orchids: Natural History and Classification, was widely accepted by botanists and growers before the publication of Genera Orchidacearum. & Westc. In Batista et al. Since the publication of the last classification of Orchidaceae in Chase et al. Relative to Chase et al. A quick look at the many polytomies in Figure 1 demonstrates that more work is needed to sort out subtribal relationships within many tribes (e.g. (5), Chytroglossa Rchb.f. It is now known that Orchidaceae is the most basal clade in Asparagales, with the astelioid clade diverging next.[15][16]. In a more thoroughly sampled study, Cameron & van den Berg (in press) found that, with 18S rDNA and two mitochondrial DNA regions, the position of Pogoniopsis was more likely to be in accord with its morphology, and we thus place it near Triphora here. Ponerorchis and Neottianthe are nested within Amitostigma, and Jin et al. (117), Pseudolaelia Porto & Brade (18), Psychilis Raf. (14), Zygosepalum (Rchb.f.) 1), and the most complete analyses are those of Clements et al. The two most important genera horticulturally have been expanded to include the genera embedded in them, as well as some that are their sister taxa. (22), Schuitemania* Ormerod (1), Stephanothelys Garay (5), Vrydagzynea Blume (43), Zeuxine Lindl. (9), Lepidogyne Blume (1), Ludisia A.Rich. (1). (10), Helonoma Garay (4), Kionophyton Garay (4), Lankesterella Ames (11), Lyroglossa Schltr. Coeliopsis Rchb.f. In Triphoreae, we recognize two subtribes in parallel with the treatment in Pridgeon et al. 1999–2005). (131). Published on the Internet; This page was last edited on 8 December 2020, at 15:52. All well-sampled molecular phylogenetic studies have produced strong bootstrap support for its position as sister to a clade consisting of the other orchid subfamilies. Most are tropical epiphytes (usually with pseudobulbs), but some are terrestrials and even a few are myco-heterotrophs. ex Lindl. (2), Cymbidiella Rolfe (3), Dipodium R.Br. (5), Pachites† Lindl. Schltr. (2014), Sirindhornia is sister to Ponerorchis plus Hemipilia/Tsaiorchis, but with poor support. data). Orchidaceae, commonly referred to as the Orchid family, is a morphologically diverse and widespread family of monocots in the order Asparagales.It is currently believed to be the second largest family of flowering plants (only the Asteraceae is larger), with between 21,950 and 26,049 currently accepted species, found in 880 genera. (Schuiteman & de Vogel, 2003; Pridgeon et al., 2005). The great strides in the understanding of the phylogenetic relationships of the family represent a revolution for other kinds of studies that seek to understand the evolution of the key orchid traits. Epipogium Borkh. Genoplesium R.Br. Acriopsis† Reinw. (11), Androcorys Schltr. (23), Drakaea Lindl. ORCHIDACEAE Juss., Gen. Szlachetko & Margońska (2001) and Szlachetko & Tukałło (2008) resurrected Bieneria Rchb.f and Ulantha Hook., and created some new genera mostly based on column and perianth features (Jouyella Szlach., Chileorchis Szlach. data) support their recognition. In van den Berg et al. (1), Claderia† Hook.f. As a result of the lack of clarity over the limits of Habenaria, we find the recognition of small segregates, such as Dithrix (Hook.f.) [7] In 2015, Chase et alii merged even more genera, reducing their number to 736. (149). The species concerned, originally described as Deiregyne confusa Garay, lived up to its species epithet; it had combinations in Funkiella, Spiranthes and Schiedeella before turning up in an isolated position as sister to Svenkoeltzia. (9), Bifrenaria Lindl. Cephalantheropsis is sister to Calanthe clavata Lindl. This genus has not been included in phylogenetic analyses and is here only tentatively accepted. Filter. (30), Sirhookera Kuntze (2). Phylogenetic relationships within Orchidaceae based on a low-copy nuclear coding gene, Phylogenetics of tribe Orchideae (Orchidaceae: Orchidoideae) based on combined DNA matrices: inferences regarding timing of diversification and evolution of pollination syndromes, Molecular systematics of subtribe Orchidinae and Asian taxa of Habenariinae (Orchideae, Orchidaceae) based on plastid, Nomenclatural notes arising from studies into the tribe Diurideae (Orchidaceae), New combinations in Aeridinae (Orchidaceae), New combinations and description of two new species in, Icones pleurothallidinarum XXVIII. Kenneth M. Cameron, Mark W. Chase, W. Mark Whitten, Paul J. Kores, David C. Jarrell, Victor A. Albert, Tomohisa Yukawa, Harold G. Hills and Douglas H. Goldman. (1), Ischnogyne Schltr. Ames (43), Masdevallia Ruiz & Pav. (10), Hexalectris Raf. Chiron & V.P.Castro, is now considered as a synonym of Cattleya (van den Berg, 2008). The only other change in Maxillariinae is the recognition of Sudamerlycaste for the clade of former Lycaste that is sister to Anguloa. For the latter, the single species in question (formerly known as Caladenia saccharata Rchb.f.) The taxonomy of the Orchidaceae (orchid family) has evolved slowly during the last 250 years, starting with Carl Linnaeus who in 1753 recognized eight genera. (2003) on the basis of analyses in which this relationship had appeared (e.g. (20), Ridleyella Schltr. (2012). (211), Achlydosa*† M.A.Clem. (45), Saccolabiopsis J.J.Sm. [2] Olof Swartz recognized 25 genera in 1800. ex R.Br., Pityphyllum, Rhetinantha M.A.Blanco, Sauvetrea Szlach. As of 2015, Orchidaceae was not yet covered in The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants, though most of the vascular plant families had been covered by that time. Aphyllorchis Blume (22), Cephalanthera Rich. The only species, Habenaria griffithii Hook.f., is unusual in its antenna-like appendages at the base of the column. It is unusual in Vanilla in not being a climber and having small leaves, but florally it fits well there. (8). Vargasiella (formerly often in its own subtribe; Pridgeon et al., 2009) was investigated by Szlachetko et al. Summary. (39), Macropodanthus L.O.Williams (8), Micropera Lindl. (4), Pterostemma Kraenzl. (5), Eleorchis Maek. A distinction between monandrous flowers and others is especially important in the classification of orchids. All species have, as a unique feature, a sympodial growth habit and two pollinia. Collabiinae, also probably related to Vandeae, are now elevated to a tribe along with Podochileae. (2), Systeloglossum Schltr. (13), Nemaconia* Knowles & Westc. These primitive features make them, according to some authorities, not true orchids but rather ancestors of modern orchids. Graphorkis was moved here from Cymbidiinae (Batista et al., 2013). "ORCHIDEAE" pages 64-66. & Endl. (9), Sanderella Kuntze (2), Saundersia Rchb.f. Wikispecies (Orchidaceae) closely follows this source with modifications as they become accepted. (2009), indicated that Disperis should continue to be treated as a member of Brownleeinae, although support for its position as sister to Brownleea is weak. [5] He is generally recognized as the father of orchid taxonomy. Subtribe Laeliinae: over 1400 species, mostly tropical American epiphytes, in 43 genera. Mark W. Chase, Kenneth M. Cameron, Russell L. Barrett, and John V. Freudenstein. Although we agree that some highly peculiar species, such as those in Chrysocycnis and Cyrtidiorchis, pose difficulties in identifying a completely uniform set of morphological synapomorphies for Maxillaria s.l., there is nonetheless a suite of characters that permits the placement of most of the species into mega-Maxillaria: a column foot with a hinged lip (with few exceptions), single-flowered inflorescences and conduplicate leaves. (2014), which included more ‘outgroup’ taxa, found Geodorum to be more closely related to Eulophia s.s. than Oeceoclades, which, if true, could swing the argument more strongly in favour of recognizing Orthochilus. A ‘classification summary’ tree for the subfamilies, tribes and subtribes of Orchidaceae, as circumscribed in this revised classifcation. (64), Caluera Dodson & Determann (3), Capanemia Barb.Rodr. 1998). Phylogeny and classification of the orchid family. (2008), Chase (2009), Chase, Williams & Whitten (2009) and Neubig et al. ex Benth. The other subfamilies, Apostasioideae and Cypripedioideae, have either three stamens or two stamens and a staminode. Orchidaceae is a member of Asparagales, an order of monocotyledonous flowering plants that also includes the asparagus and iris families. (4), Stenoptera C.Presl (7). (15), Thelasis Blume (26), Trichotosia Blume (78). Calypso and its relatives have long been considered as an independent tribe but, in Górniak et al. In each of these cases, the group or genus was sister to the larger clade and could have been maintained, perhaps arguing for this on the basis of continuity or morphological homogeneity.